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Many-Body Perturbation Theory: The GW Approximation |
Posted on 0000-00-00
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In this lecture we present many-body perturbation theory as a method to determine quasiparticle excitations in solids, especially electronic band structures, accurately from first principles. The main ingredient is the electronic self-energy that, in principle, contains all many-body exchange and correlation effects beyond the Hartree potential. As its exact mathematical expression is unknown, approximations must be used in practical calculations. The obtained using a systematic algebraic approach on the basis of Green function techniques. It c . . . . |
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Quantum phase transitions of correlated electrons in two dimensions |
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Posted on 0000-00-00
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We review the theories of a few quantum phase transitions in two-dimensional correlated electron systems and discuss their application to the cuprate high temperature superconductors. The coupled-ladder antiferromagnet displays a transition between the Neel state and a spin gap paramagnet with a sharp S=1 exciton: we develop a careful argument which eventually establishes that this transition is described by the familiar O(3) \phi^4 field theory in 2 1 dimensions. Crucial to this argument is the role played by the quantum Berry phases. We illus . . . . |
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Inelastic Light Scattering From Correlated Electrons |
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Posted on 0000-00-00
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Inelastic light scattering is an intensively used tool in the study of electronic properties of solids. Triggered by the discovery of high temperature superconductivity in the cuprates and by new developments in instrumentation, light scattering both in the visible (Raman effect) and the X-ray part of the electromagnetic spectrum has become a method complementary to optical (infrared) spectroscopy while providing additional and relevant information. The main purpose of the review is to position Raman scattering with regard to single-particle me . . . . |
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Review of Flicker Noise Spectroscopy in Electrochemistry |
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Posted on 0000-00-00
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This review presents the fundamentals of Flicker-Noise Spectroscopy (FNS), a general phenomenological methodology in which the dynamics and structure of complex systems, characterized by nonlinear interactions, dissipation, and inertia, are analyzed by extracting information from various signals with stochastically varying components generated by the systems. The basic idea of FNS is to treat the correlation links present in sequences of different irregularities, such as spikes, "jumps", and discontinuities in derivatives of different orders, o . . . . |
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Relativistic Brownian Motion |
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Posted on 0000-00-00
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Stimulated by experimental progress in high energy physics and astrophysics, the unification of relativistic and stochastic concepts has re-attracted considerable interest during the past decade. Focusing on the framework of special relativity, we review here recent progress in the phenomenological description of relativistic diffusion processes. After a brief historical overview, we will summarize basic concepts from the Langevin theory of nonrelativistic Brownian motions and discuss relevant aspects of relativistic equilibrium thermostatistic . . . . |
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Title: Quantum algorithms for algebraic problems |
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Posted on 0000-00-00
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Quantum computers can execute algorithms that dramatically outperform classical computation. As the best-known example, Shor discovered an efficient quantum algorithm for factoring integers, whereas factoring appears to be difficult for classical computers. Understanding what other computational problems can be solved significantly faster using quantum algorithms is one of the major challenges in the theory of quantum computation, and such algorithms motivate the formidable task of building a large-scale quantum computer. This article reviews t . . . . |
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