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Topological insulators and superconductors |
Posted on 2010-09-07
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Topological insulators are new states of quantum matter which can not be adiabatically connected to conventional insulators and semiconductors. They are characterized by a full insulating gap in the bulk and gapless edge or surface states which are protected by time-reversal symmetry. These topological materials have been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed in a variety of systems, including HgTe quantum wells, BiSb alloys, and Bi$_2$Te$_3$ and Bi$_2$Se$_3$ crystals. We review theoretical models, materials properties and experim . . . . |
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The solar magnetic field |
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Posted on 2010-09-06
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The magnetic field of the Sun is the underlying cause of the many diverse phenomena combined under the heading of solar activity. Here we describe the magnetic field as it threads its way from the bottom of the convection zone, where it is built up by the solar dynamo, to the solar surface, where it manifests itself in the form of sunspots and faculae, and beyond into the outer solar atmosphere and, finally, into the heliosphere. On the way it, transports energy from the surface and the subsurface layers into the solar corona, where it heats th . . . . |
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Massive Stars and their Supernovae |
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Posted on 2010-09-06
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Massive stars and their supernovae are prominent sources of radioactive isotopes, the observations of which thus can help to improve our astrophysical models of those. Our understanding of stellar evolution and the final explosive endpoints such as supernovae or hypernovae or gamma-ray bursts relies on the combination of magneto-hydrodynamics, energy generation due to nuclear reactions accompanying composition changes, radiation transport, and thermodynamic properties (such as the equation of state of stellar matter). Nuclear energy production . . . . |
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The magnetic fields of forming solar-like stars |
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Posted on 2010-09-06
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Magnetic fields play a crucial role at all stages of the formation of low mass stars and planetary systems. In the final stages, in particular, they control the kinematics of in-falling gas from circumstellar discs, and the launching and collimation of spectacular outflows. The magnetic coupling with the disc is thought to influence the rotational evolution of the star, while magnetised stellar winds control the braking of more evolved stars and may influence the migration of planets. Magnetic reconnection events trigger energetic flares which . . . . |
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Mean field theory of spin glasses |
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Posted on 2010-09-05
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Abstract: These lecture notes have been prepared for a course in Trieste, part of the Ph.D. program in Statistical Mechanics. They focus on the mean field theory of spin glasses, with particular emphasis on the presence of a very large number of metastable states in these systems. This phenomenon, and some of its physical consequences, will be discussed in details for fully-connected models and for models defined on random lattices. This will be done using the replica and cavity methods. . . . . |
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Logic Deductive ans Inductive |
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Posted on 2010-09-05
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Contents: Introduction; GENERAL ANALYSIS OF PROPOSITIONS; OF TERMS AND THEIR DENOTATION; THE CONNOTATION OF TERMS; CLASSIFICATION OF PROPOSITIONS; CONDITIONS OF IMMEDIATE INFERENCE; IMMEDIATE INFERENCES; ORDER OF TERMS, EULER'S DIAGRAMS, LOGICAL EQUATIONS, EXISTENTIAL IMPORT OF PROPOSITIONS; FORMAL CONDITIONS OF MEDIATE INFERENCE; CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS; ABBREVIATED AND COMPOUND ARGUMENTS;CONDITIONAL SYLLOGISMS; TRANSITION TO INDUCTION;CAUSATION; INDUCTIVE METHOD; THE CANONS OF DIRECT INDUCTION; COMBINATION OF INDUCTION WITH DEDUCTION; HYPOTHE . . . . |
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